Sunday, 11 December 2011

Introduction Of Science



    
What is Science ?
  • Science is a the systematic observation of a   natural events and condition in order to discover facts about them and to formulate laws and  principles based on these facts.
  • the organized body of knowledge that is derived from such observations and that can be verified or tested by further investigation.
·    any specific branch of this general body of  knowledge , such as  biology , physics,  geology , or astronomy.
                      Academic Press Dictionary of Science & Technology

Do you know what is Living Things ......?


LIVING THINGS - is an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity; "how big is that part compared to the whole?"; "the team is a unit.
a) A living thing that has ( or can develop ) the ability to act or function independently.
b) Living things collectively: “ The oceans are teeming with life.

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2008 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.
       
LIVING THINGS  is classify or grouped into 4 ,such as
  1. Humans
  2. Animals
  3. Plants
  4. Microorganisme  

  1. 1) HUMANS
     

2) ANIMALS

   
     
       


3) BIRDS 

 

   




 4) SNAKES  

 
       

5) INSECTS  

   

           

6) TREES


      

6) PLANTS  


  
       
         

            

7) MICROORGANISME  
 
   

                                      
 

Saturday, 10 December 2011

Basic Needs Of Living Things

BASIC NEEDS OF HUMANS AND ANIMALS

  • All living things have their basic needs to stay alive.
  • They will die if their basic needs are not fulfilled for a long time.
  • The basic needs of humans and animals (animals. birds, insects, snakes ) are :-
                 * Shelter (to protect from danger , rain   
                                   and the sun)
                 * Food    ( to grow/get energy)
                 * Water  ( to control body temperature)
                 * Air       (to breathe)


Examples of humans Shelter

  
                             


Examples of animals  Shelter

   
                    Cave                                   Holes

  
               Coral reef                                Cage

  
             Bee nest                                  Ant nest

a) Humans and Animals  needs Shelter to:-


  • protect themselves from danger 
  • protect from the sun
  • protect from rain
*Peoples and animals needs shelter where the members of the family can enjoy ,relax ,and have a good meal.
* Comfortable homes and good environment will make people and animals make happy and healthy .
* Different animals live in different places . Such as:-
  • land
  • water
  • land and water
Examples of foods
 
 
     Humans food                           Animals food

b) Humans and animals  needs food to:-
  • growth
  • repairing of tissues
  • energy
  • defence against diseases
  • producing heat to keep the body warm
* Humans and animals cannot make their own food  but humans and animals obtain their food from plants and other animals.
* Humans and animals will die without food.


Water

 

       waterfalls                        water


Water is assential  to humans and animals.


c) Humans and animals  needs water  to:-

  • maintain the body temperature
  • transport digested food throughout the body
  • help in removing waste from the body
  • help in blood circulation
*Humans and animals will die if they do not get sufficient water for a long time.
* Humansshould drink about eight glasses of water daily.
Vegetables ,milk and fruits contain water.

Air 

     

d) Humans and animals  needs air  to:-

*Air is even more essential to humans and animals for survival .
*Without air humansand animals will die in just a short time.
*Humans and animals use the oxygen in air to breathe .
*Aquatic animals such as fish and crab use the dissolved air in the water to breathe.



However , the basic needs of plants are :-

1) Sun
2) Water
3) air

 
a) Sun  ( To make wood )     b) Water (To make the cell turgid )

             

                             c) Air ( To breathe )

                           
a)Plants   needs water  to:-

*Plants need oxygen from the air for respiration.
*Plants need carbon dioxide from the air to make food
*Plants make food through photosynthesis.
* Plants will die without air.

2)Charecteristics of Living Things

* Cells are tiny units of living materials separated by a cellular wall , or barrier. These cells are so small, that they can only be seen with a powerful tool known as a microscope. Cells make up every part of a living thing. Your skin, your hair, fingernails , blood, bones, nerves, and muscles are all made up of cells. These cells work together to keep the life form alive.
 
*We are surrounded by living and non-living things . All   animals and plants are living things and biology is the study   of these living things.

* Characteristics of living things are:-
  •  can move
  •  can breathe
  •  show the capacity for growth
  •  can reproduce themselves
i) LIVING THINGS CAN MOVE ...
Humans moving

Examples of humans  moving




 Animals moving
              Many life forms can move. Just like you, they might move to find food, to find shelter, to avoid danger, or in response to their environment. Animals move in many different ways. They might use fins to push them through the water, wings to help them fly, paws and tails to help them move on land.
Examples of animals  moving


Examples of  plants moving





Plants also move. They of course cannot move as well as animals, but many plants move their stems to face the Sun, open and close flowers, and more. Some carnivorous plants even move to trap prey

 ii) LIVING THINGS CAN  BREATHE ...

Without food, your body would die in a matter of weeks. Without water, you would day in days.
How long do you think you would live without oxygen? As an experiment, see how long you can hold your breathe. How quickly does your body let you know it needs more air? It will proved you body need air to stay alive.

Examples of  humans respiration

iii) LIVING THINGS CAN  REPRODUCE ...

Animals and humans need to reproduce to:-
-maintain their generations
-increase  their generations
-maintain the balance of balance of nature
* Animals reproduce by giving birth and laying eggs.

       
        butterfly                                         Chicken

             
                      Turtle                                          eagle

* Humans some animals  reproduce by giving birth

   
                 dog                                        tiger

  
                    elephant                                    kangaroo

 Examples of animals give birth



iv) LIVING THINGS CAN  GROWTH ...

Animals ,humans and plants growth to:-

            What would you like to be when you grow up? Well, first you must eat a lot of food and get your rest. These things are necessary for your body to grow. Like you, other living things also grow. Almost all living things start their lives as smaller infant-like creatures. Over a period of time, they grow and develop into adults. Some life forms, such as frogs, start their life in a completely different form, and then change dramatically as they grow. A frog begins its life as a tadpole, then turns into an adult frog. A butterfly starts its life as a caterpillar before maturing into a full grown beautiful butterfly.

           
Examples of humans growth    Examples of animals growth

                              
                                             Examples of plants  growth